# OFM News

> A newspaper on the OnlyFans and Telegram creator-management trade, in English (https://ofm-news.com/) and French (https://ofm-news.com/fr/).
> Five sections: Platforms, Money, Law, AI and work, Numbers. Three formats: investigations, dispatches, briefs.
> Every figure carries the publisher that printed it and the date the desk read it. Signed "the desk" / "la rédaction", no named author.
> It documents, it does not advise. Publisher: Independent publisher, identity held by the host (LCEN art. 6 III-2). Contact: contact@ofm-news.com.

Sourcing rules: a figure is printed only with a source link and a read date. A company's number about its
own product is labelled a declaration. Where two published sources disagree, both numbers are printed.
Values that are arithmetic on published figures are labelled desk calculations. Allegations in court filings
are reported as allegations until a court rules. The desk states what a platform published and when, never
that a tool or a practice is allowed on a platform, and names no AI chatting vendor.
Last full pass over every source: 2026-09-17.

Every article has a raw Markdown twin at the same path with .md instead of the trailing slash.

## English edition

### Platforms (https://ofm-news.com/platforms/)

- [The OnlyFans AI chatbot rule, 2022 to 2026](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-ai-chatbot-rule-2022-2026/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-ai-chatbot-rule-2022-2026.md): Investigation, Platforms. A sentence quoted for two years as coming from the terms of service was in a help article instead. The chronology, the archive evidence, and what the desk could not read. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 7 sources.
- [Platform changelog](https://ofm-news.com/platform-changelog/) (https://ofm-news.com/platform-changelog.md): Investigation, Platforms. A living log. Every entry is a change the desk can point at on a published page, in date order, newest first, with what the desk could not date. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 11 sources.
- [What Telegram publishes about business accounts and connected bots](https://ofm-news.com/telegram-business-connected-bots/) (https://ofm-news.com/telegram-business-connected-bots.md): Dispatch, Platforms. Telegram's business features are documented on three pages, and the rules for a bot that answers in a person's chats sit in the Bot Developer Terms. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Telegram Stars, the two prices a fan pays and what the seller receives](https://ofm-news.com/telegram-stars-two-prices-one-payout/) (https://ofm-news.com/telegram-stars-two-prices-one-payout.md): Dispatch, Platforms. The same 1,000 Stars cost $19.99 in the app and $15.00 on Fragment, and reach the seller at 0.013 dollars each. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Where the OnlyFans rule on account access and automation lives, and what it says](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-account-access-automation-rule/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-account-access-automation-rule.md): Dispatch, Platforms. One sentence is in the Terms of Use, the other in a help centre article that OnlyFans counts as part of its Terms of Service. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Reddit's adult content promoters filter, what the help pages say it does](https://ofm-news.com/reddit-adult-content-promoters-filter/) (https://ofm-news.com/reddit-adult-content-promoters-filter.md): Dispatch, Platforms. A filter that acts on the account, not the post, lets any safe-for-work community hold back or remove what a likely adult content promoter writes. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.
- [Fansly and MYM, the published creator share and the rule on automated replies](https://ofm-news.com/fansly-mym-fees-automation/) (https://ofm-news.com/fansly-mym-fees-automation.md): Dispatch, Platforms. Both platforms publish their split; one restricts AI in conversations, the other allows AI to answer messages, in writing. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 5 sources.

### Money (https://ofm-news.com/money/)

- [OnlyFans FY2025 in numbers](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-fy2025-in-numbers/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-fy2025-in-numbers.md): Investigation, Money. Payouts, profit, creators, fans and dividends for the year to 30 November 2025, with the two places the published figures disagree and the gross number no outlet printed. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 10 sources.
- [What a creator keeps from a Telegram Star](https://ofm-news.com/telegram-star-creator-revenue/) (https://ofm-news.com/telegram-star-creator-revenue.md): Investigation, Money. Telegram publishes one number for the seller and two prices for the fan. The gap between them is the store commission, and it decides how much of a sale survives. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 12 sources.
- [What OnlyFans chatters are paid](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-chatter-pay/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-chatter-pay.md): Investigation, Money. Two to four dollars an hour in the Philippines, a percentage of sales in Eastern Europe, and no verifiable Western rate at all. What the public postings say, and what they do not. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 14 sources.
- [OnlyFans FY2025, creator payouts, pre-tax profit and active creators](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-fy2025-payouts-profit-creators/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-fy2025-payouts-profit-creators.md): Dispatch, Money. Three numbers describe the year to 30 November 2025, and none of them can yet be checked against a filed set of accounts. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 5 sources.
- [The OnlyFans 80/20, what $1,000 of fan payments becomes](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-80-20-gross-to-net/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-80-20-gross-to-net.md): Dispatch, Money. The Terms of Use set the fee at 20% of each fan payment, which turns $1,000 of sales into $800 before anything else is taken. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 1 sources.
- [Chatter pay, the ranges stated in public job postings, re-read on 2026-09-17](https://ofm-news.com/chatter-pay-ranges-by-region-2026/) (https://ofm-news.com/chatter-pay-ranges-by-region-2026.md): Dispatch, Money. The two Philippine postings the desk tracks still state $2.00 and $3.65 an hour, and the Russian board lists 149 chatter vacancies paid on turnover. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [What a chatter costs and what an AI agent costs, in public figures only](https://ofm-news.com/chatter-cost-vs-ai-agent-public-figures/) (https://ofm-news.com/chatter-cost-vs-ai-agent-public-figures.md): Dispatch, Money. A chatter seat is priced by the hour and the shift; the software is priced by the creator and by a share of what it sells, and the two numbers are not the same kind. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 3 sources.

### Law (https://ofm-news.com/law/)

- [Brunner and Fry v. Fenix: what the class action says](https://ofm-news.com/brunner-fry-v-fenix/) (https://ofm-news.com/brunner-fry-v-fenix.md): Investigation, Law. A complaint filed in Chicago in March 2025 alleges that agencies impersonate creators in direct messages. Nothing in it has been proved, and the rulings so far are about where the case may be heard. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 8 sources.
- [Brunner and Fry v. Fenix, where the procedure stands](https://ofm-news.com/brunner-fry-v-fenix-where-the-case-stands/) (https://ofm-news.com/brunner-fry-v-fenix-where-the-case-stands.md): Dispatch, Law. The last public entry is an order of 22 October 2025 on the defendants' motion to stay, and its contents are not on the public mirror. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.
- [The UK Online Safety Act, age checks on adult platforms and what Ofcom has enforced](https://ofm-news.com/uk-online-safety-act-age-checks-adult-platforms/) (https://ofm-news.com/uk-online-safety-act-age-checks-adult-platforms.md): Dispatch, Law. Since 25 July 2025 every service that allows pornography must check age with a method Ofcom calls highly effective, and the regulator has started fining. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 3 sources.
- [France, the status of an agency, what the official pages say on mandate, contract and VAT](https://ofm-news.com/france-agency-status-mandate-contract-vat/) (https://ofm-news.com/france-agency-status-mandate-contract-vat.md): Dispatch, Law. The official pages describe the commercial agent as an independent mandatary, do not require a written contract, and set the VAT franchise for services at 37,500 euros of previous-year turnover. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.

### AI and work (https://ofm-news.com/ai-and-work/)

- [What OnlyFans and Telegram publish about AI in messages, the exact texts and their dates](https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-telegram-ai-in-messages-published-texts/) (https://ofm-news.com/onlyfans-telegram-ai-in-messages-published-texts.md): Dispatch, AI and work. Two platforms, two opposite postures in writing: one forbids direct integration into its platform, the other documents how to connect an AI assistant to a person's chats. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 6 sources.
- [The chatter job in 2026, as the postings describe it](https://ofm-news.com/chatter-job-2026-postings-platforms-turnover/) (https://ofm-news.com/chatter-job-2026-postings-platforms-turnover.md): Dispatch, AI and work. The postings read describe an eight-hour shift, training on the job, no experience required and pay tied to sales, and none of them states how long anyone stays. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [What hybrid human plus AI chatting means in the offers on the market](https://ofm-news.com/hybrid-human-ai-chatting-what-it-means/) (https://ofm-news.com/hybrid-human-ai-chatting-what-it-means.md): Dispatch, AI and work. The word covers two different products, a rule that hands a conversation to a person and a switch that a person flicks, and vendors sell both under the same name. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.

## Édition française

### Plateformes (https://ofm-news.com/fr/plateformes/)

- [La règle chatbot IA d'OnlyFans, de 2022 à 2026](https://ofm-news.com/fr/regle-chatbot-ia-onlyfans-2022-2026/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/regle-chatbot-ia-onlyfans-2022-2026.md): Enquête, Plateformes. Une phrase citée pendant deux ans comme venant des conditions d'utilisation se trouvait dans un article d'aide. La chronologie, les archives, et ce que le desk n'a pas pu lire. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 7 sources.
- [Journal des plateformes](https://ofm-news.com/fr/journal-des-plateformes/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/journal-des-plateformes.md): Enquête, Plateformes. Un journal vivant. Chaque entrée est un changement que le desk peut montrer sur une page publiée, du plus récent au plus ancien, avec ce qu'il n'a pas pu dater. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 11 sources.
- [Ce que Telegram publie sur les comptes business et les bots connectés](https://ofm-news.com/fr/telegram-business-bots-connectes/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/telegram-business-bots-connectes.md): Dépêche, Plateformes. Les fonctions business de Telegram tiennent sur trois pages, et les règles d’un bot qui répond dans les discussions d’une personne sont dans les conditions développeur. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Telegram Stars, les deux prix payés par le fan et ce que reçoit le vendeur](https://ofm-news.com/fr/telegram-stars-deux-prix-un-versement/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/telegram-stars-deux-prix-un-versement.md): Dépêche, Plateformes. Les mêmes 1 000 Stars coûtent 19,99 $ dans l’application et 15,00 $ sur Fragment, et arrivent au vendeur à 0,013 dollar pièce. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Où vit la règle OnlyFans sur l’accès au compte et l’automatisation, et ce qu’elle dit](https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-regle-acces-compte-automatisation/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-regle-acces-compte-automatisation.md): Dépêche, Plateformes. Une phrase est dans les Terms of Use, l’autre dans un article du centre d’aide qu’OnlyFans compte dans ses Terms of Service. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Le filtre Reddit contre les promoteurs de contenu adulte, ce que disent les pages d’aide](https://ofm-news.com/fr/reddit-filtre-promoteurs-contenu-adulte/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/reddit-filtre-promoteurs-contenu-adulte.md): Dépêche, Plateformes. Un filtre qui agit sur le compte et non sur le message permet à toute communauté grand public de retenir ou retirer ce qu’écrit un promoteur probable de contenu adulte. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.
- [Fansly et MYM, la part publiée de la créatrice et la règle sur les réponses automatisées](https://ofm-news.com/fr/fansly-mym-commissions-automatisation/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/fansly-mym-commissions-automatisation.md): Dépêche, Plateformes. Les deux plateformes publient leur partage ; l’une restreint l’IA dans les conversations, l’autre autorise l’IA à répondre aux messages, par écrit. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 5 sources.

### Argent (https://ofm-news.com/fr/argent/)

- [OnlyFans, les chiffres de l'exercice 2025](https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-chiffres-2025/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-chiffres-2025.md): Enquête, Argent. Reversements, profit, créatrices, fans et dividendes pour l'exercice clos le 30 novembre 2025, avec les deux endroits où les chiffres publiés divergent. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 10 sources.
- [Ce qu'une créatrice garde sur un Star Telegram](https://ofm-news.com/fr/revenu-createur-telegram-star/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/revenu-createur-telegram-star.md): Enquête, Argent. Telegram publie un seul chiffre pour le vendeur et deux prix pour le fan. L'écart entre les deux, c'est la commission des stores, et il décide de ce qui survit à une vente. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 12 sources.
- [Ce que gagnent les chatteurs OnlyFans](https://ofm-news.com/fr/salaires-chatteurs-onlyfans/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/salaires-chatteurs-onlyfans.md): Enquête, Argent. Deux à quatre dollars de l'heure aux Philippines, un pourcentage des ventes en Europe de l'Est, et aucun taux occidental vérifiable. Ce que disent les annonces publiques, et ce qu'elles taisent. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 14 sources.
- [OnlyFans FY2025, reversements aux créatrices, résultat avant impôt et créatrices actives](https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-exercice-2025-reversements-profit/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-exercice-2025-reversements-profit.md): Dépêche, Argent. Trois nombres décrivent l’exercice clos le 30 novembre 2025, et aucun ne peut encore être vérifié contre des comptes déposés. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 5 sources.
- [Le 80/20 d’OnlyFans, ce que deviennent 1 000 dollars payés par les fans](https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-80-20-du-brut-au-net/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-80-20-du-brut-au-net.md): Dépêche, Argent. Les Terms of Use fixent la commission à 20 % de chaque paiement fan, ce qui transforme 1 000 $ de ventes en 800 $ avant tout autre prélèvement. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 1 sources.
- [Salaires des chatteurs, les fourchettes des annonces publiques, relues le 17/09/2026](https://ofm-news.com/fr/salaires-chatteurs-fourchettes-par-region-2026/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/salaires-chatteurs-fourchettes-par-region-2026.md): Dépêche, Argent. Les deux annonces philippines suivies par la rédaction affichent toujours 2,00 et 3,65 $ de l’heure, et le site russe liste 149 postes de chatteur payés au chiffre. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Ce que coûte un chatteur et ce que coûte un agent IA, en chiffres publics seulement](https://ofm-news.com/fr/cout-chatteur-vs-agent-ia-chiffres-publics/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/cout-chatteur-vs-agent-ia-chiffres-publics.md): Dépêche, Argent. Un poste de chatteur se paie à l’heure et au créneau ; le logiciel se paie à la créatrice et en part de ce qu’il vend, et les deux nombres ne sont pas de même nature. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 3 sources.

### Droit (https://ofm-news.com/fr/droit/)

- [Brunner et Fry contre Fenix : ce que dit le recours collectif](https://ofm-news.com/fr/brunner-fry-contre-fenix/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/brunner-fry-contre-fenix.md): Enquête, Droit. Une plainte déposée à Chicago en mars 2025 allègue que des agences se font passer pour les créatrices dans les messages privés. Rien n'y est prouvé, et les décisions rendues portent sur le lieu du procès. Published 2026-09-14, updated 2026-09-14, sources read 2026-09-14, 8 sources.
- [Brunner et Fry contre Fenix, où en est la procédure](https://ofm-news.com/fr/brunner-fry-contre-fenix-etat-de-la-procedure/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/brunner-fry-contre-fenix-etat-de-la-procedure.md): Dépêche, Droit. La dernière entrée publique est une ordonnance du 22 octobre 2025 sur la demande de sursis des défendeurs, et son contenu n’est pas sur le miroir public. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.
- [Le Online Safety Act britannique, la vérification d’âge sur les plateformes adultes et ce qu’Ofcom a sanctionné](https://ofm-news.com/fr/royaume-uni-online-safety-act-verification-age/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/royaume-uni-online-safety-act-verification-age.md): Dépêche, Droit. Depuis le 25 juillet 2025, tout service qui autorise la pornographie doit vérifier l’âge avec une méthode qu’Ofcom qualifie de hautement efficace, et le régulateur a commencé à sanctionner. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 3 sources.
- [France, le statut d’une agence, ce que disent les pages officielles sur le mandat, le contrat et la TVA](https://ofm-news.com/fr/france-statut-agence-mandat-contrat-tva/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/france-statut-agence-mandat-contrat-tva.md): Dépêche, Droit. Les pages officielles décrivent l’agent commercial comme un mandataire indépendant, n’imposent pas d’écrit, et fixent la franchise de TVA des services à 37 500 euros de chiffre d’affaires de l’année précédente. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.

### IA et travail (https://ofm-news.com/fr/ia-et-travail/)

- [Ce qu’OnlyFans et Telegram publient sur l’IA dans les messages, les textes exacts et leurs dates](https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-telegram-ia-messages-textes-publies/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/onlyfans-telegram-ia-messages-textes-publies.md): Dépêche, IA et travail. Deux plateformes, deux postures opposées par écrit : l’une interdit l’intégration directe dans sa plateforme, l’autre documente comment connecter un assistant IA aux discussions d’une personne. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 6 sources.
- [Le métier de chatteur en 2026, tel que les annonces le décrivent](https://ofm-news.com/fr/metier-chatteur-2026-annonces-plateformes/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/metier-chatteur-2026-annonces-plateformes.md): Dépêche, IA et travail. Les annonces lues décrivent un poste de huit heures, une formation sur le tas, aucune expérience exigée et une paie liée aux ventes, et aucune ne dit combien de temps on reste. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 4 sources.
- [Ce que le chatting hybride humain plus IA veut dire dans les offres du marché](https://ofm-news.com/fr/chatting-hybride-humain-ia-definition/) (https://ofm-news.com/fr/chatting-hybride-humain-ia-definition.md): Dépêche, IA et travail. Le mot recouvre deux produits différents, une règle qui passe la conversation à une personne et un interrupteur qu’une personne actionne, et les éditeurs vendent les deux sous le même nom. Published 2026-09-17, updated 2026-09-17, sources read 2026-09-17, 2 sources.

## Reference pages

- [Numbers](https://ofm-news.com/numbers/) and [Chiffres](https://ofm-news.com/fr/chiffres/): every figure the desk prints, 29 entries, grouped by subject, each with publisher, source title and read date. Markdown: https://ofm-news.com/numbers.md, https://ofm-news.com/fr/chiffres.md
- [Methodology](https://ofm-news.com/methodology/) and [Méthodologie](https://ofm-news.com/fr/methodologie/): source order, formats, what the dates mean, what the desk refuses to print, corrections policy.
- [Who writes here](https://ofm-news.com/who-writes-here/) and [Qui écrit ici](https://ofm-news.com/fr/qui-ecrit-ici/): anonymous desk, conflicts of interest stated.
- [Legal notice](https://ofm-news.com/legal/) and [Mentions légales](https://ofm-news.com/fr/mentions-legales/).
- [Contact](https://ofm-news.com/contact/) and [Contact](https://ofm-news.com/fr/contact/): corrections, filings, rule changes.
- [RSS, English](https://ofm-news.com/rss.xml) and [RSS, French](https://ofm-news.com/fr/rss.xml). Sitemap: https://ofm-news.com/sitemap.xml

## Headline figures

- $6.3bn: Paid to creators in the year ended 30 November 2025. Source: Variety, https://variety.com/2026/digital/news/onlyfans-millionaires-creators-earned-more-than-1-million-1236842444/. Read 2026-09-17.
- $714m: Fenix International profit before tax, FY2025, up 5%. Source: BBC News, https://finance.yahoo.com/media-advertising/articles/onlyfans-owner-paid-over-700m-100905226.html. Read 2026-09-17.
- $1.6bn: Net revenue FY2025, up from $1.4bn, an increase of 10%. Source: The Telegraph, https://finance.yahoo.com/economy/articles/onlyfans-owner-received-520m-payout-092926742.html. Read 2026-09-14.
- 2.5m: Creator accounts active in FY2025, out of 5 million registered. Source: Variety, https://variety.com/2026/digital/news/onlyfans-millionaires-creators-earned-more-than-1-million-1236842444/. Read 2026-09-17.
- 47: Employees at Fenix International in FY2025. Source: Variety, https://variety.com/2026/digital/news/onlyfans-millionaires-creators-earned-more-than-1-million-1236842444/. Read 2026-09-17.
- $0.013: What Telegram pays the seller for one Star, bots and channels alike. Source: Telegram, https://telegram.org/tos/bot-developers. Read 2026-09-17.
- $19.99: What a fan pays for 1,000 Stars bought inside the iOS or Android app. Source: Telegram, https://core.telegram.org/bots/payments-stars. Read 2026-09-17.
- $15.00: What a fan pays for 1,000 Stars bought on Fragment, in crypto. Source: Fragment, https://fragment.com/stars/buy. Read 2026-09-17.
- 21 days: Holding period before earned Stars become available. It is not a refund window. Source: Telegram, https://telegram.org/tos/bot-developers. Read 2026-09-17.
- $2.00 to $3.65: Hourly rates stated in 2026 chat operator postings on a Philippines job board, read on 2026-09-14. Source: OnlineJobs.ph, https://www.onlinejobs.ph/jobseekers/job/chat-operator-1681372. Read 2026-09-17.
- 1:25-cv-03244: Brunner and Fry v. Fenix Internet LLC and Fenix International Limited, Northern District of Illinois, filed 26 March 2025. Source: CourtListener, https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69799401/brunner-v-fenix-internet-llc/. Read 2026-09-17.

## Citing this desk

Quote the original source each entry names, not this site. If you reuse a desk calculation,
say that it is a calculation and reproduce the published inputs it was built from.